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Commonly asked Azure interview questions. Please share this page if you find these Azure resources useful.

1. What is Cloud Computing?

Cloud Computing is the delivery of Computing services-including servers, storage, databases, networking, software over the Internet to offer faster innovation, flexible resources, and economies.

2. Types of Cloud Computing?

There are three types of Cloud Computing. They are private cloud, public cloud, and hybrid cloud.

3. What is azure?

Azure is a huge collection of servers and networking hardware, which runs a complex set of distributed applications.

4. What is Azure used For?

Microsoft Azure, formerly known as Windows Azure, is Microsoft's public cloud computing platform. It provides a range of cloud services, including compute, analytics, storage and networking.

5. How Azure works?

Once customers subscribe to Azure, they have access to all the services Avilable in the Azure portal. Subscribers can use these services to create cloud-based resources, such as virtual machines (VM) and databases.

6. What is compute in Microsoft Azure?

Azure compute services are the hosting services responsible for building new applications or deploying existing ones. Azure compute provides the infrastructure you need to run your applications, these include Azure Virtual Machines (VMs), Azure Container Service, Azure App Services, Azure Batch.

7. What is Azure Virtual Machine (VM)?

An Azure virtual machine is an on-demand and scalable computer resource that is available in Azure and used to host applications when the customer requires more control over the computing environment than what is offered by other compute resources.

8. What are different types of Azure Virtual Machines?

General-purpose
Compute-optimized VMs
Memory-optimized VMs
Storage optimized VMs
VMs for Graphics Processing( GPUs)

9. What are the benefits of Azure Virtual Machines?

High Availability
High Security
Scalability

10. What is Serverless computing in Azure?

Serverless computing enables developers to build applications faster by eliminating the need for them to manage infrastructure. With serverless applications, the cloud service provider automatically provisions, scales and manages the infrastructure required to run the code.

11. What are examples of serverless computing?

AWS Lambda, Microsoft Azure Functions, Google Cloud Functions and IBM OpenWhisk are all well-known examples of serverless services offered by the cloud providers.

12. What are the different ways in which cloud services are provided?

IAAS - Infrastructure as a Service
PAAS - Platform as a Service
SAAS - Software as a Service
CAAS - Containers as a Service
FAAS - Functions as a Service (also called Serverless Computing)

13. What is Infrastructure as a Service (IAAS)?

As the name implies, with Infrastructure as a Service, you rent or lease IT infrastructure (think of it as renting IT hardware) from a cloud service provider like Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Provider, Amazon Web Services or some other cloud provider.

With Infrastructure as a Service (IAAS), the cloud service provider procures and manages the infrastructure at their data center. You as the client, rent or lease this infrastructure over the internet or through a virtual private network. For the duration that you use the infrastructure, you pay a fee. You are only charged based on the number of machines and resources that are actually being used. Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is also known as hardware as a service (HaaS).

14. What is a VPN (Virtual Private Network)?

A Virtual Private Network is dedicated and secure private tunnel between you (i.e your organization) and the cloud service provider.

15. Who uses Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)?

In most organisations, it is the Infrastructure team that procures servers, and computers. Install software and provide systems to employees. Set up and manage networks. So in most cases, it is usually your infrastructure team that uses Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). Sometimes, even software developments teams use this service if they want to have enhanced control over the underlying hardware and network.

Infrastructure as a Service supports a diverse set of use cases - computational or storage needs. For example, you have a web application which, you can host and run. You may also use it for your storage needs. For example, install SQL Server, Oracle or some other relational database and store your relational data.

16. What are the benefits of Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)?

Reduced financial risk for our organisation : Your organisation is launching a new product and for that you need a software application. You don't know if this will be a success or not. Instead of purchasing a physical server, all the related infrastructure and workforce to setup and maintain, you can rent or lease the infrastructure from a cloud service provider like Azure for as long as you need. If your new product launch or experiment succeeds, well and good. If it doesn't shut things down and you pay no longer. Straight away, you can see how organisations can benefit from the reduced financial risk. This encourages businesses to try new things, experiment and innovate more.
Provision resources from geographically closer locations : Cloud service providers, for example, Amazon, Microsoft and Google, have data centers all over the world. This means, with the Infrastructure as a Service, you have the option of provisioning the servers from geographic locations close to your customers.
Unlimited scalability : You almost will never run out of resources in a public cloud. It provides near unlimited scalability. You can set threshold limits to automatically scale up and down depending on the demand.
Deployment Speed : Just imagine the time it takes to procure physical servers, storage and the related infrastructure. You need to purchase. Get them shipped over. Create a server room or data center. Secure it. Install power supply and cooling systems. Setup and configure network. The list goes on. You also need to hire skilled people to do all these. It takes a considerable amount of time to have all these in place. Probably days, sometimes even months in worst case scenarios.
On the other hand, if you are using, Infrastructure as a Service, you point your browser to the cloud service provider web portal, and with a few clicks in just a few minutes you have one or many virtual machines procured. So you can see the speed with which we can procure and start using cloud infrastructure. So you really get time to focus on what matters to your business.

Cloud Computing Introduction

Introduction to Cloud Computing
Cloud Characteristics
Cloud Computing Service Models
Deployment Models in Cloud Computing
Advantages and Disadvantages of Cloud Computing
Different Azure Certifications

Getting Starting with Azure

Introduction to Azure
Azure Hosting Models
Different Azure Services(Iaas, Paas, Saas)
Azure Subscriptions
Understanding Azure Portal
Azure Key Concepts
Azure Resource Group

Understanding Azure Virtual Networks

Overview of Azure Networking
Understanding Virtual Network and its Benefits
Understanding Network Resources
Implement and manage virtual networking
- Create a VNet using Azure Portal
- Create a Subnet
- Configure private and public IP addresses
- Create Network Interface Card with public, and private IP addresses
- Create a Virtual Machine
Setup Network Security Group
- Create security rules
- Associate NSG to a subnet or network interface
- Understanding Inbound & Outbound Rules
- Evaluate effective security rules
Azure Firewall
Understanding Azure DNS
- Configure Azure DNS
- Public and Private DNS Zones
Create connectivity between virtual networks
- Create and configure VNET peering
- Create and configure VNET to VNET
- Verify virtual network connectivity
Monitoring and Troubleshooting Network Connectivity

Advanced Virtual Networking

Load Balancing
- Configure external and internal Azure Load balancer
- Load Balancing Rules
- Implement front end IP configuration
Understanding and Creating Availability Set
Understanding Availability Zones
Azure Application Gateway
Azure Traffic Manager
Integrate on-premises network with Azure virtual network
- Site-to-Site VPN
- Express Route Solution
Monitor and Manage Networking
- Verify, Manage and Monitor on-premises connectivity;
- Use network resource monitoring and Network Watcher
- Manage external networking and virtual network connectivity

Azure Storage Service

About Storage Service and Account
Creating a Storage Account
Working with Blob Storage
- Types of Blobs (Block, Append, Page)
- Container and Metadata
- Soft Copy
- Azure Storage Explorer
- Transfer Data using AzCopy
- Programming Blob Storage
- Async Blob Copy
- Import and Export Service
- Implement and Configure CDN
- Configure Custom Domain
- Scale Blob Storage
- Storage Service Encryption
Manage Access / Securing Storage
- Create and Manage Shared Access Signature
- Account SAS vs Service SAS
- Using Stored Access Policies
- Regenerating Keys
- Encrypt Keys using Azure Key Vault integration
- Programming in C#
Working with Table Storage
- Understanding NoSQL Database
- Creating Table and Entities using Storage Explorer
- Entities and Properties
- Table storage vs COSMOS DB Table API
- Programming Table Storage
Azure Queues Storage
- Understanding Async Communication using Queues
- Comparing Azure Queues and Service Bus Queues
- Programming Queues
Azure SMB File Storage
- Common usage of File Storage
- Shares, Directory and File
- Managing Using Azure Portal
- Programming File Storage
Azure File Sync
Configure diagnostics, monitoring and analytics
- Capturing Metrics Data
- Analyzing Diagnostic Data
- Capturing Logs
- Retention Policies and Logging Levels
- Analyze Logs
- Enabling Monitoring
- Enabling Alerts

Resource groups

Use Azure policies for resource groups
Configure resource locks
Configure resource policies
Implement and set tagging on resource groups
Move resources across resource groups
Remove resource groups

Azure with Windows PowerShell and Azure CLI

Installing the required modules
Login to Azure Portal
Managing Resource Group
Managing App Service Plans and App Service Web Apps
Create and Configure a Storage Account
Managing Storage Accounts using PowerShell
Azure CLI Introduction and Setup
Creating Resources
Listing and Formatting output
Connect a Web App to SQL Database
Deleting Resources
Interactive Mode

ARM Templates

Understanding Azure Resource Manager (ARM)
Exporting and Importing ARM templates.
ARM Resource Providers
Deploy ARM Templates
- Using PowerShell
- Azure CLI
- Azure Portal
Incremental and Complete Deployments

Azure Virtual Machine

Introduction
About Virtual Machine Workloads
Create a Windows Virtual Machine using Portal / PowerShell / ARM Templates
Deploy popular application frameworks by using Azure Resource Manager templates
Virtual Machine Disk
Convert Unmanaged Disk to Managed Disk
Generalizing VM and Capture VM Images
Upload an on-premise VHD to Storage Account and attach to VM as Data Disk
Working with Disk Snapshot
VM Disk Types
VM Sizes in Azure
Configuring VM Disk Encryption
Perform configuration management
- VM Extensions & VM Agents
- Custom Script Extensions
- Desired State Configuration (DSC)
- Access Extension
Virtual Machine Scale Sets
Configure VM monitoring, configure alerts, diagnostic and monitoring storage location

Managing Data in Azure SQL Database

Introduction / Overview of SQL Database.
Azure SQL Managed Instance
Comparing SQL Azure Database to Azure / On-Premise SQL Server.
Creating and Using SQL Server and SQL Database Services.
Azure SQL Database Tools.
Migrating on premise database to SQL Azure.
Dynamic Data Masking
Transparent Data Encryption
Planning the Deployment of an Azure SQL Database
Elastic Pools.
Dynamic Data Masking
Configure SQL Database Auditing
Export and Import of Database using .bacpac
Manage Business Continuity / Data Recovery
Backup and Recovery options in SQL Database
Active GEO-Replication
Monitoring Azure SQL Database and Alerting

App Services - Web App

Introduction
App Service - Application Types
Deploy Web Apps
- Deploying Web App directly from Visual Studio
- Automate deployment from Dropbox and One Drive
- Create, configure and deploy packages
- Implement pre- and post-deployment actions
App Service plans
- Create App Service Plan
- Migrate Web Apps between App Service plans
- Create a Web App within an App Service plan
Configuring Web Apps
- Application Settings Configuration
- Database Connection Strings
- Configuring Handlers and Virtual Directories
Manage App Services
- Configure a custom domain name
- Enable SSL for your custom domain
- Understanding Deployment Slots and Roll back deployments
- App Service Protection
- Manage Roles for an App service
Configure Web Apps for scale and resilience
- Horizontal and Vertical Scaling of a Web App
- Configure auto-scale
- Change the size of an instance
Monitoring, Debugging and Diagnosis
- Retrieve Diagnostics data
- View Streaming Logs
- Configure endpoint monitoring
- Configuring Alerts
- Configure diagnostics
- Use remote debugging
- Monitor Web App resources
Azure Traffic Manager to Scale out Globally

Azure Functions

About Azure Functions.
Azure Webjobs vs Azure Functions
Create and Configure an Azure Function
Create an event processing function
- Http Triggered Function
- Timer Triggered Function
- Blog Storage Triggered Function
Implement an Azure-connected functions
- Adding message to Storage Queue
- Connecting to SQL Database
Creating Azure Functions through Visual Studio
Azure Durable Functions

Azure Logic Apps

Introduction
Triggers and Actions
Creating a Simple Logic App
Handling array of Items using for-each and condition
Logic App with Variables
About Enterprise Application Pack
Add Custom Function with Azure Function
Creating Custom Connectors
Using Custom API App in Logic App
Azure Functions vs Logic Apps
Building Logic Apps in Visual Studio.NET

App Service - API Apps

Introduction
Creating an API App
Deploying an API App
Consuming an API App
Authentication and Authorization in API App
Using API App in Logic App

API Management Service

Overview of API Management
Components of API Management System
API Apps vs API Management
Create managed APIs
Configure API management policies
Protect APIs with rate limits
Add caching to improve performance

Azure Service Bus

Service Bus Basics
Hosting WCF Service in Azure
Relayed Messaging
Service Bus Queues
Topics and Subscriptions
Handling Transactions
Handling Sessions

Azure Event Grid

Introduction
Event Source and Event Handlers
Comparing with Service Bus Queues and Topics
Route storage events to Azure Functions
Monitor VM changes using Event Grid and Logic Apps

Azure Event Hub

Overview
Key Architecture Components
Sample Event Producer and Consumer in C#

Key Vault

Secrets vs Keys Vs Certificates
Accessing Keys and Secrets
When to go for Key Vault
Use Azure Key Vault from a Web Application
Using Key Vault with ARM Template
Encrypt and Decrypt BLOBS in Azure Storage

Redis Caching

Caching Overview
What is Redis Cache
Creating a Redis Cache & building Redis Cache Client
Controlling Expiration

Azure CosmosDB Service

What is CosmosDB
Global Replication and Consistency Levels
Understanding SQL Model database Schema
Creating and Saving Documents using Portal
Programming Schema
Adding / Editing / Deleting and Reading Documents

Azure Search Service

About Search Service
Create Search Service
Create Index
Import Data
Handle Search Results
Programming Search in .NET using Azure Search SDK

Implement Azure Backup

Overview of Azure Backup
Configure VM backup
Create Recovery Services Vault
Define and Implement backup policies
Perform VM restore
Perform backup operation
Configure and review backup reports

Manage Azure Subscriptions

Understanding Azure Subscriptions
Configuring Role Based Access Control
RBAC using Portal
RBAC using PowerShell and CLI
Custom Roles for RBAC
Managing Subscription Policies
Locking Resources
Checking Resources Limits
Resource Tags

Managing and Securing Identities using Azure Active Directory

Azure AD Introduction
Azure AD Editions
Managing Active Directories
Adding a custom domain name to Azure AD
Managing Azure AD Users, Groups and Devices
Adding Partner Users from other organization
Configure Windows 10 with Azure AD domain join
Synchronizing On-Premise AD Identities with Azure AD
Azure AD Connect
Azure AD User Sign-In Options
- Password Synchronization
- Passthrough Authentication
- Federated SSO
Multi Factory Authentication
Conditional Access Policy
Access Reviews
Privilege Identity Management
Integrating SaaS Applications with Azure AD for SSO
- Add Users and Groups to Application
- Revoke access to SaaS Applications
Managed Identities

Programming Secure Applications using Azure Active Directory

Application Types Scenarios
Multi-Tenant vs Single-Tenant
Integrating ASP.NET MVC Applications with Azure AD
Integrating ASP.NET Web API Applications with Azure AD
Claims Based Authentication
Role Based Authentication
Implementing Azure AD B2C Collaboration
Microsoft Graph API

Azure Monitoring and Log Analytics Workspace

Azure Monitor Overview
Monitoring Metrics
Monitoring Logs
Log Analytic Workspace
Collect data from Azure VM / Windows computer
Azure Activity Logs
Azure Diagnostics Logs
Application Insight

Migrate Servers to Azure

Overview of Cloud Migration
Azure Site Recovery
Migrating the Virtual Machine
Migrating the SQL Database
Failover and Failback Process

DevOps Introduction

Traditional Software Development Life Cycle
Waterfall Model
About Agile Methodology
What is DevOps?
DevOps Practices?
The Challenge
Benefits of DevOps over Traditional IT
DevOps Tools
What is CI and CD
DevOps as a profession – DevOps Engineer

Azure DevOps

What is Azure DevOps
Version History
Azure DevOps Features
Azure DevOps Tools and Project Life Cycle
Create DevOps Account
Create Organization
Create Project and Get Started
Create Users and invite team members

Azure Boards

Introduction
Working with Work Items
Epic, Feature, User Story, Task, Bug and Test Cases
Linking Items
Collaborate with Team members
Follow a Work Item
Dashboards
Capacity Planning with Sprints
List work items using Queries

Azure Repos, GitHub and GIT

Version control using Git
What is Git, Azure Repos and GitHub
Install Git Locally
Getting Started with Git Commands
Updating to DevOps Repository
Working with Branches
Merging Branches
Creating and Committing a Pull Request
Add a rule to Require a Review
Squash Merging during Pull Request
Working with Merge Conflicts
Cherry-Picking and Rebase
Undo Changes using Reset and Revert
Ignoring files using gitignore
Managing Git Branches in Azure Repos
Branch Policies and Branch Permissions
Branches in Folders
Working the GitHub Repositories
Branching Workflow Types
- Feature Branching
- Gitflow Branching
- Forking Workflow
Summary of Git Commands

Continuous Integration using Azure Build Pipelines

About Azure DevOps Pipeline
Understanding the Build Process
Create a Pipeline using Classic Editor
Enable Continuous Triggers for Build Pipeline
Add a status badge to Repository
Working with Task Groups
Validate Pull Request based on Build Pipeline result
Add a Widget to Dashboard

Continuous Integration using YAML Pipelines

Understanding YAML file format
Building Azure DevOps Pipeline using YAML
Publishing results to Artifacts
Triggering Continuous Integration in YAML
Filtering Tasks based on branch being built
Using Templates to Build Multiple Configurations
Build on Multi-Platform pipeline

Integrating Quality Tests in Azure Pipeline

Overview of Testing
Add Unit Tests to your Application
Integrating Unit Test with CI Pipeline
Add the Test Widget to Dashboard
Perform Code Coverage Testing using Cobertura

Continuous Deployment using Azure Pipelines

What is Continuous Delivery
Connecting to Azure Subscription
Deploying App to App Service using Designer
Multi-State Pipeline
Approvals and Gates
Working with Task Groups
Deploying App to Virtual Machine
Deploying App to App Service using YAML
Add the deployment State to the pipeline
Deploy Apps to Specific Environment
Deploy Azure Functions

Deep Dive into CI ad CD Pipeline

Introduction
Retention Policies
About Build Agents
About Agent Pools
Create Self Hosted Windows Agent
About Libraries
Variables
Secure Files
Pipeline Conditions
Pipeline Demands
Integrating Pipeline with Microsoft Teams

Working with SQL Database

Creating a Database Project
Database Deployment using DACPAC
Deploying Database using SQL Scripts in Pipeline
Using Multiple Stages and Approvals

IaC using ARM Templates

About Infrastructure as Code (IaC)
About ARM Templates
Sample to Create Storage Account using ARM Template
Deploy Templates using PowerShell
Deploy Templates using Azure Portal
Deploy Templates using Azure Pipeline
Incremental and Complete Deployment
Creating VM using ARM Template
Create linked ARM Templates
Creating Resource Group and Resources at Subscription Level

IaC using Terraform Templates

Overview of Terraform
Terraform Files Structure
Terraform Commands
Run a Terraform plan from Azure Cloud Shell
Provision Terraform Tasks in Azure Pipeline - Classic Editor
Provision Terraform Task in Azure Pipeline - YAML File

IaC using Ansible

Overview of Ansible
Ansible Workflow
Ansible Components
Installing Ansible
Playbook Structure
Executing a Playbook

Azure Artifacts

What are Artifacts
Public and download Build Artifacts
Publish and download Pipeline Artifacts
Working with Feed and NuGet Packages
Share Packages Publicly
Public NuGet Package from Pipeline to NuGet Feeds
Upstream Sources and View

Continuous Integration using Jenkins

Jenkins Management
Adding a slave node to Jenkins
Building Delivery Pipeline
Pipeline as a Code

Working with Containerization using Docker

What is Docker and its Benefits
Docker Architecture
Steps to Create Docker Image
Build and Publish Docker Image to Docker Hub using Azure Pipeline
Build and Publish Docker Image to Azure Container Registry using Azure Pipeline
Deploying to Web App
Deploying a Docker Container in VM or Local Machine using Docker Compose

Working with Kubernetes

Deploying Applications to Kubernetes Cluster
What is Kubernetes
Kubnetes Server and Client Components
Creating an AKS Cluster
Writing Deployment and Service YAML files
Deploying the Application using Kubectl
Building a CI and CD Pipeline for Deploying to Kubernetes Cluster

About Instructor

KudVenkat

Software Architect, Trainer, Author and Speaker in Pragim Technologies.